RPM Nautical's George Robb and Dr. Jeff Royal pose with Auron Tare and Dr. Adriani Anastasi for the Albanian press. Sarande harbor sits in the background. Photo credit: Derek Smith

RPM Nautical's research vessel, the Hercules, in the bay of Sarande. Photo credit: Derek Smith

The fierce and beautiful Albania flag flies on the dive boat as it transits to the site. Photo credit: Liz Smith

The Waitt Albania 2009 team: Liz, Joe, and Derek.

Waitt DSO, Joe Lepore, helps fill tanks for the next day's dives. Photo credit: Liz Smith

A future Albanian diver?? Photo credit: Derek Smith

Ancient map of the Ionian Sea at Sarande, Albania.

A map of 3rd century BCE shipwreck sites shows the relative location of the South Butrint I site. Image credit: RPM Nautical Foundation

The RPM and Waitt teams go out for Albanian pizza in Sarande harbor. Photo credit: Derek Smith

Multimedia Producer, Liz Smith, and the team head out the Hercules. Photo credit: Derek Smith

RPM's Archaeological Director, Dr. Jeff Royal, and Waitt's DSO Joe Lepore aboard the Hercules. Photo credit: Liz Smith

The bottom half of an amphora, nestled against a rock. Photo credit: Derek Smith

An amphora section resting on the sea floor. Photo credit: Derek Smith

Close-up of a broken amphora - several sea creatures live along its edges. Photo credit: Derek Smith

The slope of the wreck site is littered with amphoras from the 3rd century BC. Photo credit: Derek Smith

RPM Nautical's Chief Engineer, Geoff Dixon, operates the ROV winch. Photo credit: Liz Smith

Ardiola Alikaj - archaeologist and Albanian translator for the expedition. Photo credit: Liz Smith

The exterior of this amphora is entirely covered with living sponges. Photo credit: Derek Smith

The team prepares for a second dive. Photo credit: Derek Smith

The Waitt Institute expedition team prepares for a dive on the site. Photo credit: Derek Smith

Liz Smith floats at the surface after a dive. Photo credit: Derek Smith

Dropping into the shipwreck site. Photo credit: Derek Smith

An intact amphora rests precariously on the site slope. Photo credit: Derek Smith

A broken amphora rests amongst the rocks. Photo credit: Derek Smith

Numerous sea creatures currently make homes of the amphoras. Photo credit: Derek Smith

Portions of an amphora lay on the sea floor. Photo credit: Derek Smith

This amphora top section was found not far from what is believed to be its bottom half. Photo credit: Derek Smith

Amphora A8, found fully intact. Photo credit: Derek Smith

A lone amphora waits to be studied on the site slope. Photo credit: Derek Smith

Dr. Anastasi oversees the site survey. Photo credit: Derek Smith

The wreck site slopes down into deeper waters. Photo credit: Derek Smith

Ardiola Alikaj - archaeologist and Albanian translator for the expedition. Photo credit: Liz Smith

Dr. Nicolle Hirschfeld and scientific diver, Derek Smith, discuss the dive plan for surveying the site. Photo credit: Liz Smith

Dr. Adriani Anastasi of the Albanian Institute of Archaeology joined the Waitt expedtion team for dive surveys of the site. Photo credit: Liz Smith

Liz and Nicolle discuss the site before a dive. Photo credit: Derek Smith

Joe Lepore drives the Waitt expedition to the site, where he will oversee diving as Dive Safety Officer. Photo credit: Liz Smith

Dr. Adriani Anastasi and Dr. Nicolle Hirschfeld discuss plans for documenting the site below. Photo credit: Liz Smith

The coastline near where the original amphora-laden ship met its fate. Photo credit: Liz Smith

Joe Lepore takes a GPS mark where an amphora is raised for conservation. Photo credit: Liz Smith

Albanian archaeologist, Dr. Adriani Anastasi, returns from a dive on the site. Photo credit: Liz Smith

The hub of operations on RPM's Hercules. Photo credit: Liz Smith

Dr. Nicolle Hirschfeld enters the water for a dive. Photo credit: Derek Smith

Dr. Nicolle Hirschfeld and Dr. Adriani Anastasi swim scan the ancient wreck site from above. Photo credit: Derek Smith

Dr. Anastasi makes measurements to determine an amphora's relative position. Photo credit: Derek Smith

Dr. Anastasi measures the distance and bearing for an amphora to create a map of the whole site. Photo credit: Derek Smith

Dr. Nicolle Hirschfeld and Dr. Adriani Anastasi note the details of the amphora's shape and size. Photo credit: Derek Smith

Dr. Anastasi and Dr. Hirshfeld take a closer look at an amphora. Photo credit: Derek Smith

Dr. Anastasi prepares to tag an amphora for GPS location marking above. Photo credit: Derek Smith

Dr. Anastasi prepares a lift bag to take an amphora to the surface for conservation. Photo credit: Derek Smith

Local Albanian media interview the RPM and Waitt team about the site. Photo credit: Liz Smith

An amphora section resting on the sea floor. Photo credit: Derek Smith

Waitt team member, Derek Smith, discusses the site with Auron Tare, Director of the Albanian National Trust. Photo credit: Liz Smith

Admiral Alberto Mariano Vázquez De la Cerda, Physical Oceanographer and Professor from the University of Veracruz. Photo Credit: Pilar Luna

Roberto Junco, Helena Barba, and Edgar Merino - underwater archaeologists from Mexico's National Institute of Anthropology and History (INAH). Photo Credit: Pilar Luna

Helena Barba, underwater archaeologist from Mexico's National Institute of Anthropology and History (INAH). Photo Credit: Pilar Luna

One of the €œwings€ of the depressor of the side scan sonar. Photo Credit: Pilar Luna

Jeff Morris, Steve Bilicki and Roberto Junco prepare the side scan sonar for a run. Photo Credit: Helena Barba

The expedition team recovers the side scan sonar on the back deck. Photo Credit: Pilar Luna

The expedition team recovers the side scan sonar on the back deck. Photo Credit: Pilar Luna

The expedition team prepares the side scan sonar rig. Photo Credit: Pilar Luna

Joe Lepore prepares for a sonar tow. Photo Credit: Helena Barba

Jeff Morris post processes the magnometer data. Photo Credit: Helena Barba

Navigating on the tender towards Chinchorro Bank. Photo Credit: Pilar Luna

Jeff Morris puts the magnometer in for a survey of the 40 Cannon Wreck site. Photo Credit: Pilar Luna

The magnometer being towed behind Protector over the 40 Cannon Wreck site. Photo Credit: Pilar Luna

Jeff Morris and Pilar Luna prepare Protector for a magnometer survey on Chinchorro Bank. Photo Credit: Helena Barba

The Waitt expedition team returns from a magnometer survey. Photo Credit: Helena Barba

The Waitt expedition team motors out to the 40 Cannon Wreck site. Photo Credit: Pilar Luna

A cannon, ballast, and coral at the 40 Cannon Wreck€€ in Chinchorro Bank. Photo Credit: Jeff Morris

A coral head at the 40 Cannon Wreck€€ in Chinchorro Bank. Photo Credit: Jeff Morris

Jeff Morris, self-portrait at Chinchorro Bank. Photo Credit: Jeff Morris

A mound with some ballast and other elements, on the seabed at the 40 Cannon Wreck€ in Chinchorro Bank. Photo Credit: Jeff Morris

An area at the 40 Cannon Wreck€€ in Chinchorro Bank with ballast and dead and live coral. Photo Credit: Jeff Morris

Cannons and ballast at the €œ40 Cannon Wreck€ in Chinchorro Bank. Photo Credit: Jeff Morris

One of the iron cannons at the 40 Cannon Wreck€€ in Chinchorro Bank. Photo Credit: Jeff Morris

An arrow with a scale pointing to the North, as part of the photo recording of an area of the 40 Cannon Wreck€.€ Photo Credit: Jeff Morris

Helena Barba and Michael Desnner do a reconnaissance survey at the site. Photo Credit: Jeff Morris

Lance Milbrand shoots video at the 40 Cannon Wreck€€ in Chinchorro Bank. Photo Credit: Jeff Morris

A portion of the wreck at the 40 Cannon Wreck€ site. Photo Credit: Jeff Morris

Anchor ring with ropes from the 40 Cannon Wreck€€. Photo Credit: Jeff Morris

Michael Dessner takes a closer look at a portion of the wooden hull. Photo Credit: Jeff Morris

Helena Barba takes a look at the ballast from the 40 Cannon Wreck€€ in Chinchorro Bank. Photo Credit: Jeff Morris

A cannon at the site rests undisturbed. Photo Credit: Jeff Morris

Pilar Luna Erreguerena, Director of Underwater Archaeology at Mexico's National Institute of Anthropology and History (INAH). Photo Credit: Helena Barba

A magnometer survey completed by the Waitt Institute and INAH on the 40 Cannon Wreck site at Chinchorro Bank.

This 1865 drawing of the submarine offers a very simple view of its construction, and was used to sell shares in the submarine company. Image Courtesy of Jim Delgado.

This drawing from Harper’s Weekly shows the popular view of submarines during the Civil War. Image Courtesy of Jim Delgado.

The only surviving original plan of Explorer is this 1864 drawing now in the U.S. National Archives. Image Courtesy of U.S. National Archives.

This LIDAR, or laser scan of Explorer'€™s hull was done by Carlos Velasquez and Doug Devine of Epic Scan in 2004. Image Courtesy of Jim Delgado/Carlos Velasquez, Epic Scan

Explorer, at mid-tide, showing the lower part of the hull as the dropping tide exposes more of the submarine. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

The outer shell of Explorer, made of strakes of wrought iron, is succumbing to battering logs, corrosion, and curious visitors walking on it. These holes in the hull are larger than when archaeologists first visited Explorer in 2001. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

John McKay's working plans of Explorer guided the team in the 2008 project as they completed documenting the submarine. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

As much as 10 feet (3 meters) of tide covers the beach and buries Explorer each day. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

Jim Delgado makes notes off Explorer's bow. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

This wire rope, wrapped around the submarine'€™s conning tower, is evidence of an early and failed attempt to pull it off the beach. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

The Waitt expedition team compares notes in the water off Explorer's stern. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

Fritz Hanselmann and Jim Delgado examine the hull. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

Jim Delgado points out features of Explorer's construction to Fritz Hanselmann. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

The Waitt expedition team prepares to climb inside Explorer. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

Fritz Hanselmann, Jim Delgado and John McKay atop Explorer. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

Explorer lies in a small cove on Isle San Telmo. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

Fritz Hanselmann measures holes worn and battered through Explorer's outer hull. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

Archaeologist Fritz Hanselmann, INA Director Clyde Smith and naval architectural draftsman John W. McKay pose off Explorer'€™s bow. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

Fritz Hanselmann measures corrosion holes at Explorer'€™s stern. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

Fritz Hanselmann measures corrosion holes at Explorer'€™s stern. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

The fluctuating tides and waves help batter Explorer apart. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

The survey boat Protector passes Explorer while conducting a magnetometer survey. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

The survey boat Protector passes Explorer while conducting a magnetometer survey. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

A natural pear, plucked from a living oyster wrested from the bottom of the sea by a breath-holding diver. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

Local pearl divers from the nearby village of La Esmerelda offer small pearls for sale. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

Local pearl divers and their boat. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

Wire cable on Explorer'€™s conning tower. Corrosion has melded them together. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

The Waitt expedition team on the beach shows the scale of Explorer and its cove. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

Marine Biologist Erich Horgan examines marine organisms inside Explorer. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

Erich Horgan studies the marine life inside Explorer. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

Erich Horgan inspects the compressed air chamber. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

Through-hull fittings for Explorer'€™s now-vanished steering mechanism at the stern. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

Aerial view of the cove where Explorer lies on the beach. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

Isometric lines drawing of Explorer. Image Courtesy of John McKay.

Isometric plan of Explorer. Image Courtesy of John McKay.

Isometric cut-away view of Explorer. Image Courtesy of John McKay.

Isometric sections of Explorer. Image Courtesy of John McKay.

A model of the Fifth Rate British Warship, HMS Endymion in the Science Museum, London. Image Courtesy of Dr. Donald Keith.

A sketch of HMS Endymion'€™s last moments, going down by the head. Various notes and headings indicate exactly where the ship sank. Image Courtesy of Dr. Donald Keith.

Lance Milbrand shoots one of Endymion's four anchors. The curving piece beneath the anchor is part of Endymion'€™s stempost assembly. Photo Credit: Mike Cameron

Jeff Morris photographs one of the Companion Wreck's four anchors. The chain from this anchor lies across the top of the Endymion and leads back to the Companion Wreck'€™s chain locker. Photo Credit: Mike Cameron

Jeff Morris with one of the Companion Wreck'€™s four anchors. The chain from this anchor lies across the top of the Endymion and leads back to the Companion Wreck's chain locker. Photo Credit: Mike Cameron

One of the Companion Wreck'€™s four stockless anchors, this one still in its hawse pipe (the tube into which the shank of the anchor is drawn to hold it fast after weighing. Photo Credit: Mike Cameron

Jeff Morris leaves the main reef for the surrounding sand bars in search of artifacts that have been detected through the use of towed magnetometer. Photo Credit: Mike Cameron

Jeff Morris uses a Waitt Institute DPV to transit to the Companion wreck tanks which lay on a sand bar some 500 meters from the main body of the wreck. Photo Credit: Mike Cameron

Members of the Ops team and ship's Chief Engineer supervise the streaming and reloading of the ship'€™s sonar cable onto the winch. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

Mike Cameraon prepares the fiber optic tow cable and the side scan sonar tow-fish for a dive. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

Jeff Morris and Mike check and double check each connection on the Side Scan Sonar Towfish before it is deployed into the water. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

Mike Cameraon and Jeff Morris prepare the towfish and sonar for a dive. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

At the end of each day the Waitt expedition team gathers in the Operations area to analyze Side Scan Sonar data. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

Jeff Morris uses the Waitt ROV's video system to guide his control of the manipulator arms. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

The Waitt ROV makes a night dive. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

The Waitt Institute's Seaeye Falcon ROV waiting for a night dive. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

Jeff Morris fine tunes the Side Scan Sonar while Chief Engineer Peter Dorrington looks on. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

Jeff Morris explains the fiber optic system of the upgraded Side Scan Sonar utilized during the expedition. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

Chart showing Salt Cay, Great Sand Cay, and the southernmost part of the Turks Islands Bank. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

Dessner and Don engage in one of the many interesting debates spurred by Dr. Keith’s ever questioning nature. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

Side-scan sonar image on monitor showing potential target in upper right panel. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

Joe Lepore and Steve Bilicki stand a Side Scan Sonar watch while the ship tows in deeper water. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

Dessner and Keith share expedition stories in between sensor tows. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

The hardest working man in underwater cinematography, Lance Milbrand, doing his thing. Photo Credit: Jeff Morris

The Seaeye Falcon ROV in action. Photo Credit: Jeff Morris

The Seaeye Falcon ROV explores the bottom. Photo Credit: Jeff Morris

Lance Milbrand, grateful for the beautiful visibility at the Endymion site. Photo Credit: Jeff Morris

Nautica, the ship's designated dive RHIB (Rigid Hulled Inflatable Boat) prepares to load up for a long day diving on the two shipwrecks at Endymion Rock. Photo Credit: Michael Dessner

The side-scanning sonar fish mounted beneath the depressor wing that allows the fish to be towed in very deep water. Photo Credit: Michael Dessner

Exploring the Endymion site. Photo Credit: Dr. Donald Keith

Waitt Institute divers fly over the Endymion site. Photo Credit: Dr. Donald Keith

Nautica departs the ship for a day of diving on the two shipwrecks at Endymion Rock. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

Endymion reef lies just below the surface, an invisible ship trap. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

Jeff Morris returns to the surface after a dive on the Companion Wreck. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

Preparing to launch the DPV'€™s over the Endymion Rock site. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

Joe Lepore delivers a pre-dive briefing to ship's Captain and a crew member. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

Endymion'€™s cannons lie in a ragged line at the foot of one of the coral pinnacles on which she wrecked. Photo Credit: Dr. Donald Keith

The cascabel. H.M.S. Endymion. Photo Credit: Dr. Donald Keith

Michael Dessner measures one of Endymion’s cannon. Photo Credit: Dr. Donald Keith

Dr. Donakd Keith records cannon data on the Endymion site. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

Mike Cameron preparing for a dive aboard the main ship. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

Director of Operations, Michael Dessner, and Executive Director, Dr. Dominique Rissolo. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

Jeff Morris and Joe Lepore prepare the ROV for a test dive off Grand Turk. Photo Credit: Dominique Rissolo

Preparing to launch the Waitt ROV from the ship’s telescoping davit. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

The Waitt Institute's ROV goes in for a test dive. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

Ferrying equipment back to the Turks and Caicos National Museum. Photo Credit: Dominique Rissolo

Turks and Caicos National Museum. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

Returning to the ship from the Turks & Caicos National Museum. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

Returning to the ship from the Turks & Caicos National Museum. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

Front Street, Grand Turk as seen from the lagoon just off Front Street. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

Mike Cameron and Peter Dorrington analyze the Companion Wreck'€™s engine (on monitor). Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

Mike Cameron and Peter Dorrington analyze the Companion Wreck'€™s engine (on monitor). Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

Dr. Dominique Rissolo, Executive Director of the Waitt Institute, examines photos of the Companion Wreck. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

Casual outdoor dining during a rainstorm on Grand Turk. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

A photo mosaic of the entire H.M.S. Endymion site. Image Courtesy of Dr. Donald Keith.

An underwater sketch of the bronze double-horseshoe clamp that once held Endymion'€™s gripe to her stempost. Image Courtesy of Dr. Donald Keith.

An underwater sketch of the Companion Wreck's boiler. Image Courtesy of Dr. Donald Keith.

An underwater sketch of the Companion Wreck's Propeller shaft. Image Courtesy of Dr. Donald Keith.

Mike Cameron following the Companion Wreck's debris trail using a Diver Propulsion Vehicle (DPV). Photo Credit: Donald Keith

Joe Lepore uses a DPV to scout the perimeter of Endymion Rock. Photo Credit: Donald Keith

Detail of one of the two four-cylinder diesel engine blocks of the Companion Wreck. They were originally coupled together to make an eight-cylinder engine. Measuring stick is 1 m. Photo Credit: Donald Keith

One of the Companion Wreck's four-cylinder engine banks seen end-on. Photo Credit: Donald Keith

One of the four anchors on the Companion Wreck. Measuring stick is 1 meter. Photo Credit: Jeff Morris

The bronze double-horseshoe clamp that once held Endymion'€™s gripe to her stempost. Photo Credit: Donald Keith

The bronze double-horseshoe clamp that once held Endymion'€™s gripe to her stempost. Photo Credit: Donald Keith

One of the Companion Wreck's four stockless anchors. Its chain runs across the top of HMS Endymion back to the Companion Wreck'€™s chain locker. Photo Credit: Jeff Morris

The Companion Wreck'€™s eight-cylinder diesel engine (lower left) lies in a gulley between two arms of the reef. Photo Credit: Jeff Morris

One of six large riveted iron compartments probably used for fuel and water storage on the Companion Wreck. Photo Credit: Jeff Morris

Divers take critical measurements of the Companion Wreck’s eight-cylinder diesel engine that will enable them to estimate when the engine was manufactured. Photo Credit: Jeff Morris

One of many iron cannon on the grounds of the Castillo. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

The surf breaks over the fangs of Lajas Reef. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

An unexploded mortar shell from the 18th century lies in the shallows below San Lorenzo. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

Notes from each assessment dive were made on frosted mylar. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

An encrusted bottle seen at the edge of the reef. In order to preserve such objects for more detailed study, all artifacts were left in place and not disturbed. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

This brick, with a piece of exploded mortar shell on it, may date from the 1740 attack and destruction of San Lorenzo. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

This pillbox guarded the entrance to the Chagres after 1911 and through WWII. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

The Rio Chagres. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

This bottle was observed on Lajas reef, where many ships are said to have met their fate. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

Holes and gouge marks show where treasure hunters have worked on Lajas Reef and removed artifacts. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

This enclosure protected a sentry on guard at Fort San Lorenzo. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

Iron cannon at San Lorenzo. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

The ruins of the fortified barracks at San Lorenzo. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

Waitt Institute Dive Safety Officer, Joe Lepore, and Sonar Analyst Steve Bilicki take a look at Lajas Reef. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

Waitt Institute Dive Safety Officer, Joe Lepore, and Sonar Analyst Steve Bilicki assess the wind and sea conditions. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

Fort San Lorenzo and Yankee Chagres, circa 1848. Image Courtesy of Jim Delgado.

This 1850 map shows the Isthmus of Panama and the Castillo de San Lorenzo at the upper right corner. Image Courtesy of Jim Delgado.

Videographer Lance Milbrand captured footage of the Waitt Institute expedition team at work in the field. Photo Credit: Jim Delgado

Protector surveys in the middle of the mouth of the Rio Chagres. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

The Waitt expedition team departs for another day of surveys along the Rio Chagres. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

Protector running sonar and magnometer survey lanes along the Rio Chagres. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

Archaeologist Fritz Hanselmann. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

Dr. Dominique Rissolo tells the Waitt expedition team about their findings. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

The Waitt expedition team conducts a snorkel survey at the base of the Fort San Lorenzo. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

Dr. Dominique Rissolo and Fritz Hanselmann return to Protector with news of their exploration at the base of the fort. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

View of Lajas Reef from the parapet of San Lorenzo. Photo Credit: Jim Delgado

The entrance bridge and sallyport, from the dry moat of San Lorenzo. Photo Credit: Jim Delgado

The mouth of the Rio Chagres from the Castillo de San Lorenzo. The entire area serves as a maritime cultural landscape. Photo Credit: Jim Delgado

INA Chairman of the Board Donald Geddes first studied the submerged history of the Chagres in the 1950s. Photo Credit: Jim Delgado

The ruins of the fortified barracks still stand inside the fort, high above the Rio Chagres. Photo Credit: Jim Delgado

Principal Investigators Jim Delgado and Fritz Hanselmann at Fort San Lorenzo. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

Archaeologist Fritz Hanselmann and videographer Lance Milbrand prepare to dive off the mouth of the Chagres. Photo Credit: Jim Delgado

The eroding cliffs below the Castillo occasionally send portions of the fort into the sea. In 1671 and 1740, invaders also sent walls and guns crashing below. Photo Credit: Jim Delgado

Fritz Hanselmann and Lance Milbrand surface after a dive off the mouth of the Chagres. Photo Credit: Jim Delgado

Cannon ball in the shallows below San Lorenzo. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

This earthenware fragment dates to the Gold Rush period (1848-1860). Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

The metal detector survey located the site of a World War II gun emplacement buried in the sand and grass. Photo Credit: Jim Delgado

The Waitt Institute team surveys with a metal detector on the beach at the site of Yankee Chagres. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

The Waitt expedition team pauses in an area where an anti-aircraft gun emplacement stood during World War II. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

Archaeologist Jim Delgado organizes land survey with the Waitt expedition team. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

The Waitt expedition team examines a dugout canoe left on the banks of the river. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

This broken plate with its deer motif probably dates to the Gold Rush period. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

The Castillo’s promontory looms on the opposite shore from the site of Yankee Chagres, as the Waitt expedition team meets below. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

The concrete dock at the mouth of the Rio Chagres was built by the U.S. military atop the site of an earlier dock. Photo Credit: Jim Delgado

This small cove is the location of the lower edges of the former town of Chagres. Photo Credit: Jim Delgado

Looking outward from inside the mouth of the Rio Chagres. The open Caribbean lies beyond. Photo Credit: Jim Delgado

The Castillo, as seen from the site of old Chagres. Photo Credit: Jim Delgado

A line in the water marks the site of a stone wharf from old Chagres. Photo Credit: Jim Delgado

Jim Delgado takes a GPS reading for a concrete mooring block for a WWII pontoon bridge. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

Hole left on Lajas Reef by treasure hunters searching for artifacts to take off the reef and sell. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

Hole left on Lajas Reef by treasure hunters searching for artifacts to take off the reef and sell. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

Dr. Dominique Rissolo and Fritz Hanselmann surface during the snorkel reconnaissance. Photo Credit: Lance Milbrand

The R/V Seward Johnson. Photo Credit: Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute

Dr. Nicolle Hirschfeld updates her blog about the expedition from her temporary office. Photo credit: Liz Smith

RPM's Dr. Jeff Royal studies a recently recovered amphora. Photo credit: Liz Smith

The intact amphora is carefully documented aboard the Hercules. Photo credit: Liz Smith

Dr. Jeff Royal measures and documents the amphora to be conserved. Photo credit: Liz Smith

The Waitt Institute's flight re-construction team talks with Ken Kalstad about the Electra 10-E. Photo Credit: Liz Smith

Aviation expert Ken Kalstad introduces the Waitt research team to the Electra-10E. Photo Credit: Liz Smith

An original Electra 10-E modified to look exactly like Amelia Earhart's Electra. Photo Credit: Liz Smith

The view from an Electra 10-E cockpit. Photo Credit: Liz Smith

The cockpit of an original Electra with some modern modifications. Photo Credit: Liz Smith

Flight accident investigators Michael DiBello and Christopher Nutter in the cockpit of an Electra 10-E. Photo credit: Liz Smith

The cockpit of an original Electra with some modern modifications. Photo Credit: Liz Smith

Flight accident investigators Michael DiBello and Christopher Nutter look over the modified Electra 10-E. Photo credit: Liz Smith

The first target of the CATALYST 2 expedition turned out to be a rock formation (5,389m depth).

The second target of the CATALYST 2 expedition turned out to be a rock formation (4,570m depth).

The second target of the CATALYST 2 expedition turned out to be a rock formation (4,570m depth).

Target #4 from the CAT 2 expedition was a 60-gallon metal drum (5290 meters deep).

The fifth target of the CATALYST 2 expedition was a pipe approximately 30 feet long and 1 foot in diameter (5,251m depth).

Target #3 from CATALYST 2 appears to be a chain or metal pipe at 5,283 meters deep.

Howland Island, where Amelia Earhart planned to land on July 2nd, 1937 but never arrived. Photo Credit: Stephani Gordon

Howland Island, where Amelia Earhart planned to land on July 2nd, 1937 but never arrived. Photo Credit: Stephani Gordon

The Waitt Institute team heads out to Howland Island in the helicopter to photograph the search for the island from Amelia Earhart's perspective. Photo Credit: Stephani Gordon

Howland Island from 7 miles away at an altitude Amelia Earhart would have been flying at. Photo Credit: Stephani Gordon

The CATALYST AUV engineers take a look at Ginger's thruster. Photo Credit: Stephani Gordon

The film crew jumps in the RHIB to get some underwater shots of Ginger during a recovery. Photo Credit: Mike Kasic

The film crew heads out to shoot underwater video of Ginger during a recovery. Photo Credit: Mike Kasic

The film crew takes the RHIB out to get underwater shots of the AUVs. Photo Credit: Mike Kasic

The film crew off the starboard side of the R/V Seward Johnson, filmming Ginger. Photo Credit: Mike Kasic

Underwater cinematographers Stephani Gordon and Ian Kellett get in the water with Ginger. Photo Credit: Mike Kasic

Steph Gordon and Ian Kellett shooting video of Ginger during a recovery. Photo Credit: Mike Kasic

A hot sonar target from the seafloor. Photo Credit: Stephani Gordon

Sonar data from the seafloor - the black line in the middle is the AUV's path with sonar on the left and right of the vehicle's track. Photo Credit: Stephani Gordon

Videographer Stephani Gordon sets up a camera for a POV shot of the AUV's deployment. Photo Credit: Mike Kasic

Sound recordist, Mike Kasic, gets good sound on the AUV's deployment. Photo Credit: Stephani Gordon

Another beautiful sunset at sea. Photo Credit: Liz Smith

Crew member Kim Heine gets ready to fire the grap gun during a recovery. Photo Credit: Liz Smith

HBOI's Phil Santos keeps an eye on Mary Ann while she surveys deep below. Photo Credit: Liz Smith

AUV Engineer Greg Packard works on a technical issue. Photo Credit: Liz Smith

Sam Guse horses around while spraying down the AUV with fresh water. Photo Credit: Liz Smith

HBOI's Frank Lombardo works on swapping Ginger's batteries between missions. Photo Credit: Liz Smith

Sam Guse records AUV locations at depth during a sortie. Photo Credit: Liz Smith

AUV operator Sam Guse takes notes on Ginger's latest position at depth. Photo Credit: Liz Smith

AUV engineer, Brennan Phillips, enjoys his freshly made midnight donuts. Photo Credit: Liz Smith

Kim Heine - cook by day, donut-maker by night. Photo Credit: Liz Smith

The CAT 2 team gathers to view the first images from the bottom of Target #4. Photo Credit: Liz Smith

Sonar analyst Andy Sherrell looks through new data for possible targets. Photo Credit: Liz Smith

Greg Packard and Andy Sherrell look through new photos of a possible target. Photo Credit: Liz Smith

AUV engineer, Greg Packard, and sonar analyst, Andy Sherrell, go over recent sonar data from the seafloor. Photo Credit: Liz Smith

The CAT 2 team was treated to georgous sunsets almost every night of the 3 month expedition. Photo Credit: Liz Smith

Media producer Liz Smith helps make midnight donuts for the CAT 2 team. Photo Credit: Kim Heine

Kim Heine fills the freshly fried donuts with cherry pie filling. Yummy! Photo Credit: Liz Smith

CAT 2 researcher, Dave Wheeldon, enjoys a freshly-made donut. Photo Credit: Liz Smith

AUV engineer, Brennan Phillips, and Captain George Gunther go cuckoo for hot donuts. Photo credit: Liz Smith

HBOI's Frank Lombardo stands by at the grap gun for an AUV recovery. Photo Credit: Liz Smith

AUV operator Sam Guse keeps an eye on Ginger while the team prepares for her recovery. Photo Credit: Liz Smith

Frank Lombardo watched the AUV while Sam Guse ties off a line. Photo Credit: Liz Smith

WHOI AUV operator runs the LARS as Mary Ann comes back on board. Photo Credit: Liz Smith

Mary Ann, the AUV, returns from a successful mission. Photo Credit: Liz Smith

Woods Hole AUV engineer, Brennan Phillips. Photo Credit: Liz Smith

Frank Lombardo releases Mary Ann from the LARS docking head before she is pulled into her van. Photo Credit: Liz Smith

AUV engineers Brennan Phillips and Mark Dennett bring Mary Ann back on board. Photo Credit: Liz Smith

AUV operator Samantha Guse operates the tugger winch. Photo Credit: Liz Smith

Brennan Phillips and Frank Lombardo work on turning Mary Ann over for her next sorie. Photo Credit: Liz Smith

Bob "Yogi" Elder monitors the vehicle's systems during pre-flight to make sure she's ready to go for her next dive. Photo Credit: Liz Smith

AUV operators Sam Guse and Frank Lombardo prepare Mary Ann for another dive while Bob "Yogi" Elder monitors Ginger on the AUV monitor. Photo Credit: Liz Smith

The AUV day crew: Mark Dennett, Sam Guse, Frank Lombardo, Yogi Elder, and Brennan Phillips. Photo Credit: Liz Smith

The AUV day crew removes Ginger's tail section. Photo Credit: Liz Smith

Woods Hole AUV engineer, Greg Packard, checks out Mary Ann's thruster housing. Photo Credit: Liz Smith

AUV engineers Greg Packard and Brennan Phillips take a look at Ginger's tail section after a failed mission. Photo credit: Liz Smith

Media producer Liz Smith and AUV operator Neil McPhee face off in the Mother's Day ping pong tourney. Photo Credit: Kim Heine

Crew member, Kim Heine, updates the leaderboard for the ping pong tourney. Photo Credit: Liz Smith

Brennan Phillips gets his game on in the CAT 2 ping pong tourney. Photo Credit: Liz Smith

The CATALYST 2 team, leg two. Photo Credit: Liz Smith

Sonar analyst, Steve Debagian. Photo Credit: Liz Smith

R/V Seward Johnson crew member Bob McMillen gets into the game during the CAT 2 ping pong tourney. Photo Credit: Liz Smith

The CAT 2 team watches a match during the semi-finals of the Mother's Day ping pong tournament. Photo Credit: Liz Smith

The team prepares an AUV on the LARS for launch. Photo Credit: Liz Smith

The CAT 2 team uses the Launch and Recovery System (LARS) to slowly lower one of the AUVs into the water. Photo Credit: Liz Smith

The WHOI AUV team takes a closer look at Mary Ann's thruster housing. Photo Credit: Ian Kellett

Andy Sherrell looks through the latest sonar data while Mark Dennett monitors the AUVs. Photo Credit: Ian Kellett

Underwater cinematographer Stephani Gordon shoots video of Ginger during a recovery. Photo Credit: Ian Kellett

Ginger floats just off the R/V Seward Johnson's starboard side while waiting to be recovered. Photo Credit: Ian Kellett

Ginger floating at the surface. Photo Credit: Ian Kellett

The R/V Seward Johnson on site in the South Pacific for CATALYST 2. Photo Credit: Stephani Gordon

The CAT 2 team brings Ginger out of her van for a deployment. Photo Credit: Stephani Gordon

The R/V Seward Johnson motors to a drop point with an AUV waiting to be launched on the back deck. Photo Credit: Stephani Gordon

An AUV sits on the LARS ready to launch while the R/V Seward Johnson motors to the drop point. Photo Credit: Stephani Gordon

An AUV streams behind the R/V Seward Johnson during a launch sequence. Photo Credit: Stephani Gordon

The R/V Seward Johnson on site for CATALYST 2 near Howland Island. Photo Credit: Stephani Gordon

The R/V Seward Johnson motors to a deployment location. Photo Credit: Stephani Gordon

Videographer Stephani Gordon gets aerial shots of the R/V Seward Johnson and an AUV deployment. Photo Credit: Ian Kellett

Videographers Ian Kellett and Stephani Gordon. Photo Credit: Mike Kasic

HBOI's Gregg Diffendale and researcher Dave Wheeldon enjoying their ice cream cones. Photo Credit: Liz Smith

The aft deck of the R/V Seward Johnson, including the AUV Launch and Recovery System. Photo Credit: Brian Cousin

The R/V Seward Johnson with LARS and Mary Ann out on deck, ready for launch during CATALYST 2. Photo Credit: Stephani Gordon

The R/V Seward Johnson with LARS and Mary Ann out on deck, ready for launch during CATALYST 2. Photo Credit: Stephani Gordon

The R/V Seward Johnson motors toward a drop point with Mary Ann in tow ready for launch. Photo Credit: Ian Kellett

The CATALYST team pulls Ginger out for her first dive on site. Photo Credit: Michael Dessner

Brennan, Mark and Robin rig the AUV on the LARS for launch. Photo Credit: Michael Dessner

The AUV crew prepares Ginger for a launch. Photo Credit: Brian Cousin

Mark Dennett fires the grap gun to recover the AUV. Photo Credit: Brian Cousin

Research scientist, Thiago Correa, disccusses deep reefs with the AUV team. Photo Credit: Brian Cousin

The PBS Miami crew films AUV ops on the back deck. Photo Credit: Brian Cousin

Lee Frey, HBOI project manager, monitors the AUVs as they survey deep below. Photo Credit: Brian Cousin